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Trace
Elements Laboratory |
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A
Joint Venture of London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's
Health Care London
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Vanadium
(V)
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| Atomic
Number: |
23 |
| Atomic
Symbol: |
V |
| Atomic
Weight: |
50.9414 |
| Electron
Configuration: |
[Ar]4s23d3 |
| TITLE: |
Vanadium (V) |
| SYNONYMS/FORMS
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| GENERAL
INFORMATION |
Vanadium
does not occur naturally in the environment, but it has been
found in about 65 other naturally occuring metals, and is
a major trace metal in fossil fuels.Vanadium is not readily
absorbed by the body from the stomach, gut, or contact with
the skin, therefore it is considered non-toxic - only very
minor amounts are actually absorbed in to the bloodstream,
the rest is breathed out, or excreted though urine or feces.There
is a very minor amount of vanadium in the human body, however
it does not serve any biological purpose in higher organisms.
However, it has been found that vanadium is required to function
vanadium-dependent enzymes in lower organisms.Vanadium toxicity
depends on its oxidation state. Elemental vanadium could be
oxidized to vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) during welding. The
pentoxide form is more toxic than the elemental form.Most
a person's V intake is from food, and you eat about 10-20
µg daily (1)Studies have tested various vanadium compounds
as potential treatment for type I and type II diabetes. Vanadium
salts have been shown to improve hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia
in several animal studies (2) |
| SOURCES
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The
uptake of vanadium by humans mainly takes place through foodstuffs,
such as buckwheat, soya beans, olive oil, sunflower oil, apples
and eggs.Airborne sources of vanadium and its compounds from
industrial areas, such as burning of high vanadium fossil
fuels, and production of vanadium-containing metal alloys.In
the UK, high vanadium exposure was linked to cleaning of oil-fired
boilers and furnaces. (3) |
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EXPOSURE
Short-term
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Irritation
of lungs, throat, eyes and nasal cavities.
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Long-term
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Chronic
exposure to vanadium pentoxide dust and fumes may cause severe
irritation of the eyes, skin, upper respiratory tract, persistent
inflammations of the trachea and bronchi, pulmonary edema,
and systemic poisoning. |
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TOXICITY
Signs/Symptoms
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Cough,
rapid heart beat, lung changes, skin pallor, chronic bronchitis,
conjunctivitis, nasopharyngitis, labored breathing, greenish-black
tongue and an allergic skin rash (4) |
| MONITORING
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Adult
Testing Erythrocytes: 0.98-4.12 nmol/L (0.05-0.21 ug/L)Whole
Blood 1.0-2.7 nmol/L (0.05 -0.138 ug/L)Random Urine: 0.26-2.36
nmol/L (0.013-0.12 ug/L) 34 - 310 nmol/mol creatinine 24h
Urine: 0.4 - 3.9 nmol/dHair: 0.05-0.59 nmol/g (0.002-0.030
ug/g)
Pediatric Testing
Alert/Action Levels |
| TREATMENT
OPTIONS |
Removal
from exposure and symptomatic treatment will cure most cases. |
| Precautions |
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| Interactions
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| REFERENCES
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- http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs58.html
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http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/ evm0004preview.pdf
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http://www.inchem.org/documents/cicads/cicads/
cicad29.htm#_29ci4000
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http://www.lenntech.com/Periodic-chart-elements/V-en.htm
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Sample Requirements
(click on cell)
Reference range
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Analyte
Vanadium
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Erythrocytes
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Whole
Blood
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Random
Urine
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24
Hour Urine
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Hair
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0.56
- 4.12 nmol/L
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0.6
- 2.7 nmol/L
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0.013-0.12
ug/L
0.26 - 2.36 nmol/L
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0.4
0-3.9 nmol/d
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0.05-0.59
nmol/g
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** Reference
range is tissue dependent.
Method
of Analysis: High Resolution ICP/MS
Test available:
Monday - Friday 0800 - 1600 h
Turnaround Time: Average 5-10 days
Maximum 10 days
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