| Atomic Number: |
83
|
| Atomic Symbol: |
Bi
|
| Atomic Weight: |
208.9804 |
| Electron Configuration: |
[Xe]6s24f145d106p3 |
Bismuth
has been known since Claude Geoffroy distinguished it
from lead in 1753. Bismuth is a heavy metal, that is not
an essential element. It is mainly used in the production
of alloys especially of those with low melting points.
Toxicity in industry has not been reported. All lethal
intoxication's are attributed to the therapeutic uses
of Bismuth compounds.
Medical
uses of bismuth compounds are largely responsible for
excessive exposure to bismuth. These compounds include
formulations which are used as antiseptics, astringents,
and antacids, and preparations for the treatment of duodenal
ulcers and peptic diseases (Helicobacter pylori infections).
Some compounds include bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
to control GI upset, diarrhea, and irritable bowel syndrome,
and bismuth subgallate (Colo-fresh) to control fecal odours
associated with colostomies, ileostomies and fecal incontinence.
Toxicity results in renal damage, encephalopathy and peripheral
neuropathy. As bismuth is also used in paint pigments,
exposure of occupational workers in this industry can
occur. Levels in plasma, urine and hair have been used
to monitor excessive exposure.
Sample Requirements (click on cell)
Reference range
|
Analyte
Bismuth
|
|
Random Urine
|
Random
Urine
|
24
hr Urine
|
Hair
|
|
0.00 - 0.34 nmol/L
|
0.0
- 44.1 nmol/mol creat
|
0.00
- 0.48 nmol/d
|
0
- 0.45 nmol/g
|
Method of Analysis: High Resolution ICP/MS
Test available: Monday - Friday 0800 - 1600 h
Turnaround Time: Average 5-10 days
Maximum 10 days
